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Of the 18 coaches that derailed in the Jharkhand train accident, 16 were passenger coaches, one power car, and one pantry car, an official said.
Rescue and relief operations are underway, officials said.
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An average of 20,000 people died each year between 2017 and 2021 in rail accidents, according to official records.
Defective tracks, poor maintenance and old signalling kit combined with human error were the main cause of derailments, a report by India’s top audit authority said.
Last year, nearly 300 people were killed when a passenger train and a stationary goods train collided, with the derailed compartments then striking another fast-moving passenger service.
India’s worst-ever rail accident occurred in 1981, when a cyclone blew a train off its tracks and into a river in Bihar state, leaving 800 dead and more than 100 injured.
Indian Railways, the world’s fourth-largest rail network, runs some 14,000 trains daily with 8,000 locomotives over a vast system of tracks some 64,000 kilometres (40,000 miles) long.
The trains carry more than 21 million people each day.